Creation of New Provinces on Ethnic and Linguistic Basis Weakens the National Integration

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March 16, 2025

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Creation of New Provinces on Ethnic and Linguistic Basis Weakens the National Integration

The essay “Creation of New Provinces on Ethnic and Linguistic Basis Weakens the National Integration” is an essay written on the pattern of CSS & PMS Past Paper Essays and is published on CSSPrepForum website after being evaluated by Sir Syed Kazim Ali, Pakistan’s best CSS and PMS English essay and precis teacher with the highest success rate of his students. His expertise ensures that every essay on CSSPrepForum is well-structured, insightful, and exam-relevant, making it a must-read for aspiring candidates.

Everything About Essay You Need to Grasp Quickly

The essay “Creation of New Provinces on Ethnic and Linguistic Basis Weakens the National Integration” examines how forming new provinces in Pakistan based on ethnic and linguistic lines can undermine national unity. It argues that while a federation’s strength lies in cultural diversity, thus establishing provinces solely on ethnic or linguistic identities may lead to division and conflict.

Moreover, the essay explains that national integration is crucial for a country’s stability, sovereignty, and progress. It analyzes how it ensures social harmony, efficient governance, and a unified national identity. Without a strong national integration framework, internal disputes over resources, governance, and representation can weaken the country from within. Therefore, the essay argues that these divisions harm domestic stability and tarnish the country’s international standing.

Currently, Pakistan is witnessing increased demands for new provinces, which reflects administrative inefficiencies and growing ethnic divisions. Unfortunately, the essay analyzes how political leaders have used this issue for personal and political gains, fueling regional conflicts instead of fostering national cohesion. Moreover, it explains that the lack of equitable resource distribution and effective governance has further aggravated tensions, making national unity even more fragile.

In addition, the essay argues that creating new provinces, along ethnic and linguistic lines, exacerbates conflicts over resource distribution. For instance, it explains that the Sindh-Punjab tussle over water and economic resources demonstrates how regional disputes escalate national disintegration. Similarly, it analyzes that such divisions allow politicians to manipulate ethnic sentiments, which further fragment society. Notably, the demand for a Saraiki province in Punjab can spark similar movements in KPK, further deteriorating national unity.

Moreover, the essay argues that new provinces undermine the founding ideology of Pakistan. Specifically, it explains how Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah emphasized that all citizens should identify as Pakistanis rather than by ethnic or regional labels. However, ethnic divisions contradict this vision, which leads to the rise of separatist movements. For example, the essay analyzes groups like the Hazara Democratic Party and Pashtoonkhwa Milli Awami Party in Balochistan, exemplifying that ethnic-based politics can fuel calls for separation, thereby weakening the country’s unity.

Besides, the essay discusses the international impact of such divisions. Evidently, disputes like the federal government and the Balochistan conflict over Reko Diq damage Pakistan’s global reputation and create internal rifts. Also it analyzes how constitutional amendments to form new provinces provoke tensions between existing and emerging regions. For instance, it explains that creating a secretariat in South Punjab led to resistance from Central Punjab, which further exacerbated disharmony.

Correspondingly, the essay argues that political representation also becomes contentious. Specifically, it explains that the merger of FATA with KPK resulted in disputes over-representation in legislative assemblies, highlighting how such changes create friction among leaders and their followers. As a result, it analyzes how, instead of strengthening governance, such decisions deepen divisions and breed further resentment.

However, to address these concerns, the essay suggests several measures.

  • First and foremost, it argues that the local government structure must be strengthened to improve governance without redrawing provincial boundaries.
  • Additionally, it proposes promoting diversity and coexistence at the national level to reduce ethnic divisions.
  • Moreover, it explains that ensuring fair resource distribution can mitigate inter-provincial grievances.
  • Finally, it argues that administrative divisions rather than ethnic-based provinces should be created to enhance governance without compromising national integration.

Critically speaking, the essay analyzes that while decentralization can improve governance, it must be done strategically. Drawing lessons from global examples implies that Pakistan must learn from countries like the USA and balance administrative efficiency with national unity to avoid fragmentation. Otherwise, it argues that Pakistan risks deepening internal rifts instead of fostering a stable federation.

In conclusion, the essay argues that creating new provinces based on ethnic and linguistic identities seriously threatens national integration. Therefore, it suggests that to maintain unity, Pakistan must prioritize inclusive governance, fair resource allocation, and national cohesion over ethnic divisions.

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